Parent Pathway

Dyslexia shows up differently in every child, but common signs include difficulty with reading, spelling, and writing despite normal intelligence and educational opportunity. Early signs may include delayed speech, difficulty learning nursery rhymes, or trouble learning letter names. A formal evaluation by a qualified professional is the only way to confirm a dyslexia diagnosis. Check the 'Recognize the Signs' section above for more specific indicators by age.

While some signs of dyslexia can be observed in preschool years, a formal diagnosis is typically most reliable around age 5.5 to 6.5 years old, when reading instruction has begun. However, early intervention can start before a formal diagnosis if you notice signs of struggle. It's also important to know that it's never too late to be diagnosed - many people aren't identified until adolescence or adulthood.

Dyslexia is a lifelong condition that doesn't go away, but with proper intervention and support, individuals with dyslexia can become successful readers and writers. The right teaching methods and accommodations can make a tremendous difference in a child's academic journey. Many people with dyslexia develop excellent coping strategies and go on to have very successful careers, often in fields that capitalize on their strengths.

This depends on several factors. School evaluations are free and can provide access to special education services if your child qualifies. Private evaluations may be more comprehensive and can sometimes be completed more quickly, but they can be expensive. Some families opt for both: a school evaluation for services, and a private evaluation for a detailed understanding of their child's learning profile. The 'Seek Evaluation' section above provides more guidance on this decision.

Both are plans for accommodations in school, but they fall under different laws. An Individualized Education Program (IEP) falls under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and includes specialized instruction as well as accommodations. A 504 Plan falls under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act and primarily provides accommodations but not specialized instruction. IEPs typically have more formal processes, specific goals, and progress monitoring than 504 Plans.

Structured Literacy approaches that are explicit, systematic, cumulative, and multisensory have been proven most effective for students with dyslexia. Programs that follow an Orton-Gillingham approach or are based on Structured Literacy principles provide the type of instruction students with dyslexia need. These approaches directly teach the connections between letters and sounds, along with rules and patterns in language. See the 'Find Effective Instruction' section for more information.

Create a supportive environment by reading aloud daily, playing word games, using audiobooks, establishing routines, and maintaining open communication with teachers. Focus on your child's strengths and build confidence. Assistive technology can be incredibly helpful - text-to-speech, speech-to-text, and spelling checkers can allow your child to demonstrate their knowledge despite reading and writing challenges. The 'Support at Home' section provides specific resources and strategies.

Absolutely! Many students with dyslexia successfully complete college and graduate programs. Most colleges and universities have disability services offices that can provide accommodations such as extended time on tests, note-takers, text-to-speech technology, and more. Students with dyslexia often develop excellent critical thinking and problem-solving skills that serve them well in higher education. Starting to develop self-advocacy skills early can help prepare your child for this transition.